COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REFRACTIVE CORRECTION METHODS IN MILITARY PERSONNEL: RISKS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND EFFECTIVENESS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

This article examines the impact of common refractive errors (myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism) among military personnel on military service and combat readiness, as well as provides a comparative analysis of various methods for correcting these errors. The article also evaluates the advantages of glasses, contact lenses, and refractive surgery methods (PRK, LASIK, SMILE, and ICL), as well as their suitability for use in military conditions, providing a comprehensive explanation of the risks and benefits associated with each method. Based on international and local statistical data, the prevalence trends of refractive anomalies and the importance of their timely detection have been emphasised. The advantages of refractive surgery for soldiers in combat conditions have been presented, along with the successful outcomes of international programmes in this field, such as the US "Warfighter Refractive Eye Surgery Program". The application of questionnaires such as the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Visual Function Index-14 (VF- 14) was analysed to assess the subjective and functional outcomes of refractive correction, alongside the dynamics of post-operative dry eye symptoms and the restoration of visual functions. The article also highlights the importance of education, early diagnosis, and preventive measures. In conclusion, the preservation of visual health and the effective implementation of correction methods among military personnel hold strategic importance in enhancing the overall combat readiness of the armed forces.